Graphite Electrode (GE) is a crucial raw material for steel and other metallurgical uses. The supply chain includes a wide range of activities, ranging from procurement through production and delivery up to the final use. Several key factors impact the supply of Graphite Electrode including price, quality, and availability. The industry is also faced with several risks, such as the global economic situation, industrial capacity, energy demand and investment cycle. These factors can impact the production and use of Graphite Electrode and lead to shortages and higher costs.
At present, the main use of graphite in steelmaking is electric arc-furnace (EAF). This segment accounts for more than 90% the total graphite consumption in the entire world. Recarburising and batteries consume the next largest share of graphite, with 15 and 7% respectively. The remainder of graphite is consumed by other applications such as refractories. foundries. friction products. carbon products. lubricants.
Raw materials used to manufacture graphite electrodes are petroleum-derived needle coal (as carbon aggregate), and high-grade coal-tar pitch (as a binder). Some major manufacturers vertically incorporate by building or securing coke supplies on a long-term basis. They gain control of the supply. This consolidation can also influence pricing and product offerings.
Graphite Electrode's permeability is a key quality metric. It influences electrical conductivity, and oxidation resistance. The permeability is also a function porosity. It can be affected by a variety of parameters, such as temperature, humidity, and processing techniques. The physical strength or Graphite Electrode also plays a key role. It is determined by its ability resist sudden forces.
Once the final product has been manufactured, it undergoes a number of tests to ensure that the electrodes meet the required specifications. These tests also include length and diameter checks. These are important to ensure that the electrodes fit properly into other equipment or devices. The electrodes will also be bent to see if they are able to withstand sudden forces.
After the testing is complete, the electrodes can be stacked onto heavy-duty crates or pallets to be transported and stored. The crates, or pallets, are made out of wood and include soft materials as cushioning to protect the electrodes. All electrode ends are fitted with rubber or plastic caps to protect threaded surfaces. The crates are then wrapped up in heavy-duty packaging foam and placed inside a container capable of withstanding rough shipping and transport conditions. The entire package is then loaded on trucks or trains to be transported to the final destination. The packaging and transport processes can cause abrasions or scratches on the electrodes' surface, which can reduce the electrodes' efficiency and effectiveness. The damaged surfaces can reduce the ability of Graphite electrodes to transmit a current, causing power loss and safety risks.
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