Steel manufacturing requires a large amount of energy which contributes to high carbon emissions and fossil fuel usage. Iron and Steel manufacturing is also associated with serious environmental issues that need to be addressed for the sustainability of the industry. The negative impact on the environment can be reduced by drastically reducing fossil fuel usage and CO2 emitted. Alternative fuels can be used to make a difference in these efforts. Biochar is a good substitute for petroleum coke and coal in various parts of the steel-making process, such as coke making, sintering and blast furnaces, to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission.
The main source of carbon in iron and steel production is petroleum coke which is a carbon-rich by-product of oil refineries. Pet coke can be produced by a "coking" process using low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous carbon. The process of "coking" converts crude petrol into different products like gasoline, heating fuel and diesel. The process can be used to make synthetic fuels like kerosene or jet fuel.
The quality of the petroleum coke determines which types are used in what industries. The highest grade coke in use in the steel industry is needle coal, which is used as electrodes and graphite in electric furnaces. It is a high-quality coke that has a well-organized structure and needlelike particles. This coke offers superior friction and wear properties compared to standard CPC. This coke is more stable at higher temperatures because it has a lower thermal expansion coefficient than CPC. It is also a good electrical conductor, making it a great material for graphite.
Coke has many other uses, including the production of alumina, aluminum and other specialized applications. It is also used as a cement feedstock, since it has many performance benefits for the final product. Cement makers use calcined oil coke because it is cheaper than natural coal, and also has the same carbon content as iron ore.
The most common alternative to petroleum coke is natural gas, which is a cleaner-burning fuel that emits fewer greenhouse gases when burned. This fuel is also used as an alternative to pet coke and coal in the production process of blast furnaces and foundries. However, the production of natural gas requires more energy and water resources than petroleum coke and is not a renewable resource. Renewable sources of energy, such as hydroelectric, solar, and wind power, are therefore being developed to substitute fossil fuels within the steel industry and other energy-intensive sectors. This will increase the economy's independence from foreign oil while protecting the environment through the reduction of greenhouse gasses. The development of sustainable technologies for the use fossil fuels will make the world more environmentally friendly.
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