Carbon is a good material to use for electrodes because it conducts electricity. Due to its chemical stability and low reactivity it can also be applied in high temperature applications. Graphite costs a lot less compared to other noble metals. Graphite has many advantages, including the ability to resist high temperatures.
Graphite can be easily prepared and provides a renewable, simple surface for the exchange of electrons. It is often used as the positive electrode in aqueous oxidation, reduction and decomposition reactions due to its good performance and stability. This carbon paste electrode can be used as a low-cost alternative to costly metal electrodes.
GDEs still perform badly in electrochemical aqueous environments, because they have high polarization and small active surfaces. The current density is typically low, and the H2O2 yield is unsatisfactory. This is largely due to the difficulty of obtaining sufficient noble carbon species on the graphite surface.
To improve the performance of GDEs in aqueous vanadium redox reactions, we have developed a new method to prepare highly oxygen-free graphite felt electrodes with a controlled degree of disorder. The removal of oxygen-containing groups on the surface (OFGs) of the felt and subsequent defect healing results in a lower level of disorder with more sp2 planes. After 1 hour, the electrodes were immersed in Ag/AgCl and then polarized with -0.6V vs.
Moreover, the experimental composite capacity is well-matched with the prediction assuming additivity, with an estimation of 604 mAh/g at full lithiation. The agreement is excellent for a comparison of silicon and graphite negatively electrodes, with an anode VA fixed at 30%. The results obtained with the new graphite electrodes are promising for future applications in the field of bioelectrochemistry, e.g. This is a promising method for immobilizing enzymes via surface adsorption and covalent coupling.
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