The synthesis of sodium hypochlorite is an essential operation within the water treatment industry and has gained increased attention due to its low energy consumption and environmentally friendly properties. Some factors can impact the efficiency of this process. These include electrode degradation and sodium hydroxide. As a result, it is important to understand how these factors may impact the synthesis of sodium hypochlorite in order to improve its utility and facilitate wider application.
A potential solution to these problems could be the use of an electronic system which uses direct current for active chlorination. A cell containing an anode chamber and a cathode chamber are separated by a sodium ion conductive porcelain membrane, such as that derived from NASICON materials. During a synthesis reaction, chlorine is produced by reducing water at the cell's cathode. Here, the chlorine reacts with water to form sodium hypochlorite.
The cell can operate at a pH lower than the feed solution to prevent formation of sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxides, and magnesium hydroxides, all of which form on the anode and decrease the effectiveness of electrochemical synthesis. It is possible to achieve this either by adjusting the pH level of the cathode solution or by adding an inhibitor into the feed. It is not recommended to use the latter method because it increases costs and complicates the process.
In spite of these challenges, the electrochemical synthesis of sodium hypochlorite continues to show great promise for widespread implementation as an alternative to traditional chemical methods for disinfection. For this reason, further research on equipment design as well as process optimization is required to allow for the development of this new technology.
One of the main issues with the electrochemical process of sodium-hypochlorite is that solid scaling occurs at the anode or cathode. This causes increased maintenance of cells and reduces production. In addition, the cleaning processes used to remove this scale often involve hydrochloric acid, which creates additional chemical waste for disposal. This causes downtime and is very costly.
Graphite makes an ideal material for the anode or cathode plate in an electrochemical device. Graphite is used for its high rigidity, electrical conductivity isotropic, and large surface area. It is also corrosion-resistant and chemically inert over a wide range of potentials. A high level of porosity makes graphite a good material for electrolytic cells because it provides large amounts of surface active area.
This paper examines the influence of various operating parameter on the production sodium hypochlorite using a flow by porous electrode. Specifically the effects of anodic used current density (current applied), salinity (salt content), gap between the cathode anode, as well as influent feed flow rates were investigated. Results showed that higher current densities, smaller gaps between anode cathode as well as lower salinity and lower power consumption produced a greater concentration of sodium chlorite.
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