The use of electrochemical sensors with graphite increases the range in which heavy metals can be detected. The literature has published several interesting results on exfoliated Graphite Electrodes. However, there is a lack of reports on real-life applications. This work aims to describe the implementation of a graphite-exfoliated electrode into a multichannel detector for the detection dissolved organic molecules from drinking water, pharmaceutical samples and milk.
For this purpose, both a single-layer commercial graphite exfoliated cell and a multi-layered custom graphite exfoliated cell were employed. Operating Xray experiments were conducted to examine the evolution and lithiation of both cells. In Figure 1, the diffraction pattern collected for both cell configurations is shown. A multi-layered cell exhibited a uniformer lithiation pattern than a single-layer one, apart from the close vicinity to the reference electrode (Supplementary Image). 2). The overall degrading of the area of graphite peaks measured at the electrode reference showed a degradation in all areas.
There was a considerable amount of energy required to disrupt the crystalline cell structure. As a result, the lithiation rates were significantly reduced. In addition, graphite peaks measured near the reference electrode had a degradation of shape and location. The graphite heights measured far from the electrode reference showed an increase of their shape and size during charging. It was determined that the change in cell performance was not caused by an auxiliary metallic element, but was rather the result of the effect localized from the fiber insertion.
In addition, it was found that the insertion and lithiation local of the electrode graphite were affected by the optical fibre. This effect was studied by comparing the diffraction of the center cell with that in the vicinity. Tomographic pictures of diffractions patterns in both regions can be seen in Fig. Supplementary. 15.
During the discharge, the patterns in the area where the graphite is shaped near the fiber have a much more homogeneous and uniform lithiation. It is because the optical fibre insertion significantly affected the lithiation in the area around it.
A concept called an operator helps to explain the behaviour of the graphite adjacent to the fiber optic and the impact that the reference electrode has. Li-ion's interaction with crystal structures around the electrode produces the diffraction of the operator. The information obtained can then be included in models to describe the electrochemical behavior, and help detect potential problems prior to their occurrence. Polyamp AB is thanked by the authors for its support with the construction of the experiment cell.
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