Ca additions reduce oxygen and sulphur content in liquid steel and control the shape of remaining sulphide inclusions. This control improves cleanliness and duc...

The calcium used in the deoxidizing alloy is absorbed into the steel melt, forming a strong oxide that absorbs oxygen much more effectively. This reduces the co...

Calcium treatment can modify the morphology of B-type inclusions. It can transform oxide inclusions into spherical semi-liquid or liquid calcium aluminates and...

Fatigue is damage to materials caused by repeated cyclic stresses which eventually lead to crack formation and eventual failure. This material destruction can o...

The morphology, quantity and position of inclusions can significantly influence the properties of AHSS grades. This is because they can create privileged locati...

A calcium addition has been found to improve the fluidity and cleanliness of high alloy steels. The calcium modifies the inclusions and precipitates in the molt...

In the steelmaking process, calcium refining agents play a crucial role in sintering and steel melting as well as in secondary metallurgy processes. Calcined do...

Heat transport in metals is mainly due to electrons, and their conductivity coefficient is proportional to the temperature gradient. However, many researchers a...

Calcium carbide is a useful industrial chemical that has numerous uses. It is a key additive in the steelmaking process and can be used for deoxidization, desul...

Non-metallic inclusions play a critical role in the quality of steel products. Their composition, size, and distribution depend on current smelting conditions....